Natural bioactive compounds from microorganisms for supporting of fertilizer and pesticide researches

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a type of resistance mechanism in plants that contributes to infection prevention by enhancing physical and chemical barrier functions through signal transduction pathways activated by plant hormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene.^1,2) Cyclic lipopeptides and other compounds have been discovered to induce induced systemic resistance.^3,4)

Siderophores are a general term for iron-binding low-molecular-weight compounds produced primarily by microorganisms and plants, which form complexes with Fe³⁺ to stabilize them. Iron is an essential nutrient for many organisms, but much of the iron in the environment is in a form that cannot be utilized by living organisms, so siderophores play an important role in recovering and utilizing iron from the environment.^5,6) It is also thought that microorganisms use siderophores, which have a high affinity for iron ions, to gain an advantage in the competition for survival.⁷⁾