抗VEGF-D抗体(Anti-VEGF-D, Human, Goat-Poly antibody)

• 価格
• Product Details
• Applications and Data
• Related Product & Information
• Citations

価格

目次に戻る

Product Details

Species Reactivity	Human
Label	Unconjugated
Immunogen	Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human VEGF-DPhe93-Ser201Accession # O43915
Source	Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification	Antigen Affinity-purified
Specificity	Detects human VEGF-D in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, 100% cross-reactivity with mVEGF-D and less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) VEGF‑C is observed.

目次に戻る

Applications and Data

	Recommended Concentration	Sample
Western Blot	0.1 µg/mL	Recombinant Human VEGF-D (Catalog # 622-VD)
Neutralization	Measured by its ability to neutralize VEGF‑D-induced proliferation in HMVEC human microvascular endothelial cells [Achen, M. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:548]. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 3‑10 µg/mL in the presence of 1 µg/mL Recombinant Human VEGF‑D.

Neutralization

Cell Proliferation Induced by VEGF‑D and Neutralization by Human VEGF‑D Antibody. Recombinant Human VEGF‑D (Catalog # 622-VD) stimulates proliferation in HMVEC human microvascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human VEGF‑D (1 µg/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human VEGF-D Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF286). The ND50 is typically 3-10 µg/mL.

目次に戻る

Related Product & Information

Long Name	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/cFos-induced Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs	2277 (Human); 14205 (Mouse)
Background	VEGF-D
background_content	Background: VEGF-D Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a secreted glycoprotein of the VEGF/PDGF family. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and tumor growth, and are characterized by eight conserved cysteine residues that form a cystine knot structure (1-3). VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which share 23% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, are uniquely expressed as preproproteins that contain long N- and C‑terminal propeptide extensions around the VEGF homology domain (VHD) (1, 2). Proteolytic processing of the 354 aa VEGF-D preproprotein creates a secreted proprotein. Further processing by extracellular serine proteases, such as plasmin or furin-like proprotein convertases, forms mature VEGF-D consisting of non-covalently linked 42 kDa homodimers of the 117 aa VHD (4-6). Mature human VEGF-D shares 94%, 95%, 99%, 97%, and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine VEGF-D, respectively (4, 5). It is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin (1-4). Mouse and human VEGF-D are ligands for VEGF Receptor 3 (VEGF R3; also called Flt-4) that are active across species and show enhanced affinity when processed (7). Processed human VEGF-D is also a ligand for VEGF R2, also called Flk-1 or KDR (7). VEGF R3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for regulation of the growth and differentiation of lymphatic endothelium (1, 2). While VEGF-C is the critical ligand for VEGF R3 during embryonic lymphatic development, VEGF-D is most active in neonatal lymphatic maturation and bone growth (8-10). Both promote tumor lymphangiogenesis (11). Consonant with their activity on VEGF receptors, binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGF R3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, while binding to integrin alpha 9 beta 1 mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration (12, 13).

目次に戻る

Citations

1. Synaptonemal complex protein 3 is associated with lymphangiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis
   Authors: H Kitano, JY Chung, KH Noh, YH Lee, TW Kim, SH Lee, SH Eo, HJ Cho, CH Choi, S Inoue, J Hanaoka, J Fukuoka, SM Hewitt
   J Transl Med, 2017;15(1):138.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Cell Lysates
   Application: WB


2. Dilated thin-walled blood and lymphatic vessels in human endometrium: a potential role for VEGF-D in progestin-induced break-through bleeding.
   Authors: Donoghue JF, McGavigan CJ, Lederman FL
   PLoS ONE, 2012;7(2):e30916.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Cell Lysates
   Application: WB


3. Radiogenic lymphangiogenesis in the skin.
   Authors: Jackowski S, Janusch M, Fiedler E, Marsch WC, Ulbrich EJ, Gaisbauer G, Dunst J, Kerjaschki D, Helmbold P
   Am. J. Pathol., 2007;171(1):338-48.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Frozen


4. Lymphatic reprogramming of microvascular endothelial cells by CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1 via interaction with VEGFR-3 and Prox1.
   Authors: Kilic N, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Neshat-Vahid S, Irmak S, Obst-Pernberg K, Wurmbach JH, Loges S, Kilic E, Weil J, Lauke H, Tilki D, Singer BB, Ergun S
   Blood, 2007;110(13):4223-33.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Cell Lysates
   Application: WB


5. Apoptosis of human macrophages by Flt-4 signaling: implications for atherosclerotic plaque pathology.
   Authors: Schmeisser A, Christoph M, Augstein A, Marquetant R, Kasper M, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Strasser RH
   Cardiovasc. Res., 2006;71(4):774-84.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded


6. The expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D in human esophageal normal mucosa, dysplasia and neoplasia.
   Authors: Ishikawa M, Kazama S
   Hepatogastroenterology, 2004;51(59):1319-22.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded


7. Cyclooxygenase-2 induces EP1- and HER-2/Neu-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor-C up-regulation: a novel mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma.
   Authors: Su JL, Shih JY, Yen ML, Jeng YM, Chang CC, Hsieh CY, Wei LH, Yang PC, Kuo ML
   Cancer Res., 2004;64(2):554-64.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Cell Lysates
   Application: WB


8. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D and its receptor, VEGF receptor 3, as a prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma.
   Authors: Yokoyama Y, Charnock-Jones DS, Licence D, Yanaihara A, Hastings JM, Holland CM, Emoto M, Sakamoto A, Sakamoto T, Maruyama H, Sato S, Mizunuma H, Smith SK
   Clin. Cancer Res., 2003;9(4):1361-9.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded

目次に戻る