Altenusin (CAS: 31186-12-6)

C₁₅H₁₄O₆

• Antibiotic [7].
• Antifungal penicillide [8].
• Non-competitive, specific neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor [2].
• Strong pp60c-Src inhibitor [3].
• Inhibits cFMS receptor tyrosine kinase (CSF-1/m-CSF receptor tyrosine kinase) which is implicated in cancer and bone diseases [3].
• Myosin light chain kinase inhibitor [1].
• Exhibits anti-HIV-1 integrase activity [4].
• Cytotoxic activity against mouse lymphoma cells [6].
• Anti-protozoan, trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitor [5].
• Phytotoxin [9].

1. Isolation of myosin light chain kinase inhibitors from microorganisms: dehydroaltenusin, altenusin, atrovenetinone, and cyclooctasulfur: S. Nakanishi, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 1333 (1995)
2. Alutenusin, a specific neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor, produced by Penicillium sp. FO-7436: R. Uchida, et al.; J. Antibiot. 52, 572 (1999)
3. Fungal Metabolites as Potent Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Identification of a Novel Metabolite and Novel Activities of Known Metabolites: M. Oyama, et al.; Lett. Drug Des. Disc. 1, 24 (2004)
4. HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: 2003-2004 Update: R. Dayan, et al.; Med. Res. Rev. 26, 271 (2006)
5. Altenusin, a biphenyl isolated from the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp., inhibits trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi: B.B. Cota, et al.; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 285, 177 (2008)
6. Cytotoxic metabolites from the fungal endophyte Alternaria sp. and their subsequent detection in its host plant Polygonum senegalense: A.H. Aly, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 71, 972 (2008)
7. Polyketides with antimicrobial activity from the solid culture of an endolichenic fungus Ulocladium sp.: Q.X. Wang, et al.; Fitoterapia 83, 209 (2012)
8. Antifungal activity of altenusin isolated from the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. against the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: S. Johann, et al.; Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 29, 205 (2012)
9. Identification of Alternaria alternata mycotoxins by LC-SPE-NMR and their cytotoxic effects to soybean (Glycine max) cell suspension culture: G.D. de Souza, et al.; Molecules 18, 2528 (2013)