抗GITR Ligand抗体(Anti-GITR Ligand, Mouse-Mono antibody)

Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor superfamily-related protein ligand (GITRL) is a member of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) and has been designated TNFSF18. Mouse GITRL cDNA encodes a 173 amino acid (aa) residues type II membrane protein with a C-terminal extracellular domain of 131 aa, an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 23 aa and a transmembrane domain of 19 aa. It shares approximately 60% aa sequence identity with human GITRL (2). Mouse GITRL is expressed at high levels in macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. The expression is transiently up-regulated by LPS stimulation. GITRL binds to the type I transmembrane protein GITR/TNFRSF18, which is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily that is predominantly expressed on CD25⁺ regulatory CD4⁺ T cells (Treg). GITR is also expressed on naïve CD4⁺ CD25^- T cells, where its expression is up-regulated after antigen-driven activation (1, 2). Ligation of GITR has been found to induce nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation via TNF receptor-associated factor 2. GITRL provides co-stimulatory signals for activated CD4⁺ CD25^- T cells to enhance cell proliferation and augment cytokine production. On CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Treg cells, GITRL also provides co-stimulatory signals to induce proliferation, setting Treg cells in an active/hyperproliferactive state that reverses the suppressive function of Treg cells. GITRL-GITR ligation provides important co-stimulatory signals that play important roles in modulating diverse T cell functions (1‑4).

1. Costimulation via the tumor-necrosis factor receptor superfamily couples TCR signal strength to the thymic differentiation of regulatory T cells.
   Authors: Mahmud, Shawn A, Manlove, Luke S, Schmitz, Heather, Xing, Yan, Wang, Yanyan, Owen, David L, Schenkel, Jason M, Boomer, Jonathan, Green, Jonathan, Yagita, Hideo, Chi, Hongbo, Hogquist, Kristin, Farrar, Michael
   Nat Immunol, 2014;15(5):473-81.
   Species: Mouse
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: Neut