抗PD-1抗体(Anti-PD-1, Goat-Poly, Biotin antibody)

• 価格
• Product Details
• Applications and Data
• Data Examples
• References
• Related Research Areas
• Related Product & Information
• Citations

価格

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Product Details

Species Reactivity	Human
Label	Biotin
Immunogen	Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human PD-1Leu25-Gln167Accession # Q8IX89
Source	Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification	Antigen Affinity-purified
Specificity	Detects human PD-1 in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich ELISAs, less than 2% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse PD-1 is observed and less than 0.2% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) CD28, rhICOS, and rhCTLA-4 is observed.

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Applications and Data

	Recommended Concentration	Sample
Western Blot	0.1 µg/mL	Recombinant Human PD‑1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 1086-PD)
Flow Cytometry	0.25 µg/106 cells	See below
Human PD-1 Sandwich Immunoassay	Reagent
ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)	0.2-0.8 µg/mL	Human PD‑1 Antibody (Catalog #AF1086 )
ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair)	0.1-0.4 µg/mL	Human PD‑1 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog #BAF1086 )
ELISA Standard		Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF (Catalog #1086-PD )
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.General Protocolsare available in the Technical Information section on our website.

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Data Examples

Flow Cytometry	click image to view larger	Detection of PD‑1 in Human PBMCs treated with PHA by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) either (A) untreated or (B) treated with 5 μg/mL PHA overnight were stained with Goat Anti-Human PD‑1 Biotinylated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1086) followed by Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin (Catalog # F0040) and Mouse Anti-Human CD3 epsilon APC‑conjugated Monoclonal Antibody(Catalog # FAB100A). Quadrant markers were set based on control antibody staining (Catalog # BAF108). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.	Reconstitution Buffer Available
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: PD-1	Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immunoreceptors that mediate signals for regulating immune responses (1). Members of the CD28/CTLA-4 family have been shown to either promote T cell activation (CD28 and ICOS) or downregulate T cell activation (CTLA-4 and PD-1) (2). PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and on a subset of thymocytes. In vitro, ligation of PD-1 inhibits TCR-mediated T cell proliferation and production of IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma. In addition, PD-1 ligation also inhibits BCR mediated signaling. PD-1 deficient mice have a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases (2, 3). Two B7 family proteins, PD-L1 (also called B7-H1) and PD-L2 (also known as B7-DC), have been identified as PD-1 ligands. Unlike other B7 family proteins, both PD‑L1 and PD‑L2 are expressed in a wide variety of normal tissues including heart, placenta, and activated spleens (4). The wide expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and the inhibitor effects on PD-1 ligation indicate that PD-1 might be involved in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and may help prevent autoimmune diseases (2). The human PD-1 gene encodes a 288 amino acid (aa) protein with a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 148 aa extracellular region with one immunoglobulin-like V-type domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and a 95 aa cytoplasmic region. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important in mediating PD-1 signaling. Mouse and human PD-1 share approximately 60% aa sequence identity (4).

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References

Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887.
Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends in Immunol. 22:265.
Latchman, Y. et al. (2001) Nature Immun. 2:261.
Carreno, B.M. and M. Collins (2002) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20:29.
Long Name:	Programmed Death-1
Entrez Gene IDs:	5133 (Human); 18566 (Mouse); 301626 (Rat); 486213 (Canine); 102123659 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names:	CD279 antigen; CD279; hPD-1; PD-1; PD1hPD-l; PDCD1; programmed cell death 1; programmed cell death protein 1; Protein PD-1; SLEB2

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Related Research Areas

B Cell Activation

B7/CD28 Family

Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules

Co-stimulatory Molecules Associated with Tfh Cells

ITIM/ITAM Immunoreceptors and Related Molecules

Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells

Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)

Treatment with native heterodimeric IL-15 increases cytotoxic lymphocytes and reduces SHIV RNA in lymph nodes Authors: DC Watson, E Moysi, A Valentin, C Bergamasch, S Devasundar, SP Fortis, J Bear, E Chertova, J Bess, R Sowder, DJ Venzon, C Deleage, JD Estes, JD Lifson, C Petrovas, BK Felber, GN Pavlakis PLoS Pathog., 2018;14(2):e1006902. Species: Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macque) Sample Type: Whole Tissue Application: Confocal Imaging

Flow Cytometry

Detection of PD‑1 in Human PBMCs treated with PHA by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) either (A) untreated or (B) treated with 5 μg/mL PHA overnight were stained with Goat Anti-Human PD‑1 Biotinylated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1086) followed by Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin (Catalog # F0040) and Mouse Anti-Human CD3 epsilon APC‑conjugated Monoclonal Antibody(Catalog # FAB100A). Quadrant markers were set based on control antibody staining (Catalog # BAF108). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.

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Related Product & Information

Background

PD-1

background_content

Background: PD-1 Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immunoreceptors that mediate signals for regulating immune responses (1). Members of the CD28/CTLA-4 family have been shown to either promote T cell activation (CD28 and ICOS) or downregulate T cell activation (CTLA-4 and PD-1) (2). PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and on a subset of thymocytes. In vitro, ligation of PD-1 inhibits TCR-mediated T cell proliferation and production of IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma. In addition, PD-1 ligation also inhibits BCR mediated signaling. PD-1 deficient mice have a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases (2, 3). Two B7 family proteins, PD-L1 (also called B7-H1) and PD-L2 (also known as B7-DC), have been identified as PD-1 ligands. Unlike other B7 family proteins, both PD‑L1 and PD‑L2 are expressed in a wide variety of normal tissues including heart, placenta, and activated spleens (4). The wide expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and the inhibitor effects on PD-1 ligation indicate that PD-1 might be involved in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and may help prevent autoimmune diseases (2). The human PD-1 gene encodes a 288 amino acid (aa) protein with a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 148 aa extracellular region with one immunoglobulin-like V-type domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and a 95 aa cytoplasmic region. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important in mediating PD-1 signaling. Mouse and human PD-1 share approximately 60% aa sequence identity (4).

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Citations

1. Treatment with native heterodimeric IL-15 increases cytotoxic lymphocytes and reduces SHIV RNA in lymph nodes
   Authors: DC Watson, E Moysi, A Valentin, C Bergamasch, S Devasundar, SP Fortis, J Bear, E Chertova, J Bess, R Sowder, DJ Venzon, C Deleage, JD Estes, JD Lifson, C Petrovas, BK Felber, GN Pavlakis
   PLoS Pathog., 2018;14(2):e1006902.
   Species: Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macque)
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: Confocal Imaging


2. Immunohistochemical Analysis of PD-L1 Expression in Canine Malignant Cancers and PD-1 Expression on Lymphocytes in Canine Oral Melanoma
   Authors: Naoya Maekawa
   PLoS ONE, 2016;11(6):e0157176.
   Species: Canine
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


3. Loss of circulating CD4 T cells with B cell helper function during chronic HIV infection.
   Authors: Boswell K, Paris R, Boritz E, Ambrozak D, Yamamoto T, Darko S, Wloka K, Wheatley A, Narpala S, McDermott A, Roederer M, Haubrich R, Connors M, Ake J, Douek D, Kim J, Petrovas C, Koup R
   PLoS Pathog, 2014;10(1):e1003853.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


4. Type I interferon responses in rhesus macaques prevent SIV infection and slow disease progression.
   Authors: Sandler N, Bosinger S, Estes J, Zhu R, Tharp G, Boritz E, Levin D, Wijeyesinghe S, Makamdop K, Del Prete G, Hill B, Timmer J, Reiss E, Yarden G, Darko S, Contijoch E, Todd J, Silvestri G, Nason M, Norgren R, Keele B, Rao S, Langer J, Lifson J, Schreiber G, Douek D
   Nature, 2014;511(7511):601-5.
   Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


5. Programmed death 1-mediated T cell exhaustion during visceral leishmaniasis impairs phagocyte function.
   Authors: Esch K, Juelsgaard R, Martinez P, Jones D, Petersen C
   J Immunol, 2013;191(11):5542-50.
   Species: Canine
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


6. CD4 T follicular helper cell dynamics during SIV infection.
   J. Clin. Invest., 2012;122(9):3281-94.
   Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


7. Distribution, persistence, and efficacy of adoptively transferred central and effector memory-derived autologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8(+) T cell clones in rhesus macaques during acute infection.
   Authors: Minang JT, Trivett MT, Bolton DL, Trubey CM, Estes JD, Li Y, Smedley J, Pung R, Rosati M, Jalah R, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Piatak M, Roederer M, Lifson JD, Ott DE, Ohlen C
   J. Immunol., 2010;184(1):315-26.
   Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


8. Trafficking, persistence, and activation state of adoptively transferred allogeneic and autologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8(+) T cell clones during acute and chronic infection of rhesus macaques.
   Authors: Bolton DL, Minang JT, Trivett MT, Song K, Tuscher JJ, Li Y, Piatak M, O'Connor D, Lifson JD, Roederer M, Ohlen C
   J. Immunol., 2010;184(1):303-14.
   Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


9. Activation drives PD-1 expression during vaccine-specific proliferation and following lentiviral infection in macaques.
   Authors: Hokey DA, Johnson FB, Smith J, Weber JL, Yan J, Hirao L, Boyer JD, Lewis MG, Makedonas G, Betts MR, Weiner DB
   Eur. J. Immunol., 2008;38(5):1435-45.
   Species: Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating Monkey or Cynomolgus Macaque)
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: Flow


10. Programmed Death-1: from gene to protein in autoimmune human myasthenia gravis.
    Authors: Sakthivel P, Ramanujam R, Wang XB, Pirskanen R, Lefvert AK
    J. Neuroimmunol., 2007;193(1):149-55.
    Species: Human
    Sample Type: Serum
    Application: ELISA Development

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