TOFA (CAS: 54857-86-2)

C₁₉H₃₂O₄

• Fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor.
• Cell permeable, potent, reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) consequently blocking the synthesis of malonyl-CoA.
• Useful agent for immunometabolism research.
• Anticancer agent. Induces apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell lines. Relatively non-cytotoxic to various cancer cell lines.
• TOFA-induced reduction in malonyl-CoA is reported to off-set the effect of C75 (AG-CR1-2904) on food intake in fasted mice and on apoptosis in tumor cells.
• Hypolipidemic agent.
• Stimulates citrate accumulation in the cell, which leads to a suppression of glycolysis by citrate-induced inhibition of phosphofructokinase.

1. 5-(Tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid and related hypolipidemic fatty acid-like alkyloxyarylcarboxylic acids: R.A. Parker, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 20, 781 (1977)
2. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in isolated adipocytes by 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid: D.L. Halvorson & S.A. McCune; Lipids 19, 851 (1984)
3. Pharmacological inhibitors of mammalian fatty acid synthase suppress DNA replication and induce apoptosis in tumor cell lines: E.S. Pizer, et al.; Cancer Res. 58, 4611 (1998)
4. Reduced food intake and body weight in mice treated with fatty acid synthase inhibitors: T.M. Loftus, et al.; Science 288, 2379 (2000)
5. Fatty acid synthase inhibition in human breast cancer cells leads to malonyl-CoA-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and cytotoxicity: J.N. Thupari, et al.; BBRC 285, 217 (2001)
6. Fatty acid synthase inhibition triggers apoptosis during S phase in human cancer cells: W. Zhou, et al.; Cancer Res. 63, 7330 (2003)
7. C75, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, modulates AMP-activated protein kinase to alter neuronal energy metabolism: L.E. Landree, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 3817 (2004)
8. TOFA (5-tetradecyl-oxy-2-furoic acid) reduces fatty acid synthesis, inhibits expression of AR, neuropilin-1 and Mcl-1 and kills prostate cancer cells independent of p53 status: N.V. Guseva, et al.; Cancer Biol. Ther. 12, 80 (2011)
9. A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists: L.A. O'Neill, et al.; Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 553 (2016)