抗Human VEGF-D抗体(Anti-Human VEGF-D antibody)

• 価格
• Product Details
• Applications and Data
• Related Product & Information
• Citations

価格

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Product Details

Species Reactivity	Human
Label	Unconjugated
Immunogen	Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human VEGF-DPhe93-Ser201Accession # O43915
Source	Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 78923
Purification	Protein A or G purified from ascites
Specificity	Detects human VEGF-D in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, no cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) VEGF‑D, rmVEGF-B, recombinant human (rh) VEGF-B and rhVEGF is observed.

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Applications and Data

	Recommended Concentration	Sample
Immunohistochemistry	8-25 µg/mL	See below
Neutralization	Measured by its ability to neutralize VEGF‑D-induced proliferation in HMVEC human microvascular endothelial cells. Achen, M. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:548. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 3‑8 µg/mL in the presence of 1 µg/mL Recombinant Human VEGF‑D.

Neutralization
	Cell Proliferation Induced by VEGF‑D and Neutralization by Human VEGF‑D Antibody. Recombinant Human VEGF‑D (Catalog # 622-VD) stimulates proliferation in HMVEC human microvascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human VEGF‑D (1 µg/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Mouse Anti-Human VEGF-D Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB286). The ND50 is typically 3-8 µg/mL.
Immunohistochemistry
	VEGF‑D in Human Placenta. VEGF‑D was detected in immersion fixed frozen sections of human placenta (cross-section through a blood vessel) using 15 µg/mL Mouse Anti-Human VEGF‑D Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB286) overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained with the Anti-Mouse HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS002) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

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Related Product & Information

Long Name	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/cFos-induced Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs	2277 (Human); 14205 (Mouse)
Background	VEGF-D
background_content	Background: VEGF-D Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a secreted glycoprotein of the VEGF/PDGF family. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and tumor growth, and are characterized by eight conserved cysteine residues that form a cystine knot structure (1-3). VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which share 23% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, are uniquely expressed as preproproteins that contain long N- and C‑terminal propeptide extensions around the VEGF homology domain (VHD) (1, 2). Proteolytic processing of the 354 aa VEGF-D preproprotein creates a secreted proprotein. Further processing by extracellular serine proteases, such as plasmin or furin-like proprotein convertases, forms mature VEGF-D consisting of non‑covalently linked 42 kDa homodimers of the 117 aa VHD (4-6). Mature human VEGF-D shares 94%, 95%, 99%, 97%, and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine, and bovine VEGF-D, respectively (4, 5). It is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin (1-4). Mouse and human VEGF-D are ligands for VEGF Receptor 3 (VEGF R3, also called Flt-4) that are active across species and show enhanced affinity when processed (7). Processed human VEGF-D is also a ligand for VEGF R2, also called Flk-1 or KDR (7). VEGF R3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for regulation of the growth and differentiation of lymphatic endothelium (1, 2). While VEGF-C is the critical ligand for VEGF R3 during embryonic lymphatic development, VEGF-D is most active in neonatal lymphatic maturation and bone growth (8-10). Both promote tumor lymphangiogenesis (11). Consonant with their activity on VEGF receptors, binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGF R3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, while binding to integrin alpha 9 beta 1 mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration (12, 13).

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Citations

1. Pulmonary Vasculopathy Associated with FIGF Gene Mutation
   Authors: Souheil Y El-Chemaly
   Am. J. Pathol., 2016;0(0):.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC-P


2. Primary Tumor-Secreted Lymphangiogenic Factors Induce Pre-Metastatic Lymphvascular Niche Formation at Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
   Authors: Wakisaka N, Hasegawa Y, Yoshimoto S, Miura K, Shiotani A, Yokoyama J, Sugasawa M, Moriyama-Kita M, Endo K, Yoshizaki T
   PLoS ONE, 2015;10(12):e0144056.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded


3. Tbx1 regulates Vegfr3 and is required for lymphatic vessel development.
   Authors: Chen L, Mupo A, Huynh T, Cioffi S, Woods M, Jin C, McKeehan W, Thompson-Snipes L, Baldini A, Illingworth E
   J. Cell Biol., 2010;189(3):417-24.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Cells
   Application: ICC


4. VEGF-DdeltaNdeltaC mediated angiogenesis in skeletal muscles of diabetic WHHL rabbits.
   Authors: Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Babu M, Lahteenvuo JE, Yla-Herttuala S
   Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2010;40(5):422-32.
   Species: Rabbit
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded


5. Novel vascular endothelial growth factor D variants with increased biological activity.
   Authors: Toivanen PI, Nieminen T, Viitanen L, Alitalo A, Roschier M, Jauhiainen S, Markkanen JE, Laitinen OH, Airenne TT, Salminen TA, Johnson MS, Airenne KJ, Yla-Herttuala S
   J. Biol. Chem., 2009;284(23):16037-48.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates
   Application: WB


6. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor D in breast carcinoma with long-term follow-up.
   Authors: Nakamura Y, Yasuoka H, Tsujimoto M, Yang Q, Imabun S, Nakahara M, Nakao K, Nakamura M, Mori I, Kakudo K
   Clin. Cancer Res., 2003;9(2):716-21.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded


7. Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome.
   Authors: Zhou Y, McMaster M, Woo K, Janatpour M, Perry J, Karpanen T, Alitalo K, Damsky C, Fisher SJ
   Am. J. Pathol., 2002;160(4):1405-23.
   Species: Human
   Sample Type: Whole Tissue
   Application: IHC Fresh/Frozen

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