ヒト／マウスCD279/PD-1測定キット Human / Mouse CD279 / PD-1 ELISA Kit

CD279 / PD-1 is a cell surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed in pro-B-cells and is thought to play a role in their differentiation. In mice, expression of this gene is induced in the thymus when anti-CD3 antibodies are injected and large numbers of thymocytes undergo apoptosis. Mice deficient for this gene bred on a BALB/c background developed dilated cardiomyopathy and died from congestive heart failure. These studies suggest that this gene product may also be important in T cell function and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CD279 / PD-1 inhibitory cell surface receptor involved in the regulation of Tcell function during immunity and tolerance. Upon ligand binding, inhibits Tcell effector functions in an antigen-specific manner. Possible cell death inducer, in association with other factors. [UniProt]

PD-1 and PD-L1
The immune system is capable of defending against pathogens and early malignant cells, but it maintains tolerance to self. PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are surface proteins expressed on activated T cells and APCs respectively. When PD-L1 binds to PD-1, an inhibitory signal is transmitted into T cells and reduces cytokine production and suppresses T-cell proliferation thus protect APCs from killing by T cells. Many cancer cells over-express PD-L1 to escape the immunological attack by inactivating T cells.
Soluble PD-1 (sPD-1)
Soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) is present in patients/animal models with autoimmune diseases and cancer. For example, sPD-1 is detectable in the synovial fluid and sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The serum sPD-1 level may be a potential biomarker for RA as the increased levels correlate with disease activity.
sPD-1 can antagonize the inhibitory effect of membrane-bound PD-L1 and improves the anti-tumor immunity. It is reported that elevated sPD-1 level is associated with prolonged survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib.

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