抗p21/CIP1/CDKN1A (WA-1 (HJ21))抗体 | Anti-p21/CIP1/CDKN1A (WA-1 (HJ21)) Antibody

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Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: p21/CIP1/CDKN1A Antibody (WA-1 (HJ21)) [NBP2-29463] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human bladder carcinoma stained with p21 Monoclonal Antibody (WA-1).

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Background

p21 (WAF1), a member of the cycle dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor family, was first identified as a tumor suppressor or anti-oncogenic protein and negative regulator of the cell cycle. Over the years it became apparent that p21 has broad functions in regulating fundamental cellular programs including proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence, and has both anti-oncogenic and oncogenic properties (reviewed in Romanov, 2012). Many antibody and other studies have demonstrated that p21 levels are frequently elevated in situations associated with reduced proliferation, including differentiation and senescence, and decreased in proliferative states. Subcellular localization may significant and nuclear antibody staining may be indicative of p21 functioning as a cell cycle inhibitor, tumor suppressor, or in a senescence program. In contrast, cytoplasmic antibody staining may indicate p21 is acting an oncogene through regulatation of migration, proliferation, or apoptosis. It is interesting to note that p21 expression is induced by wild type, but not mutant p53. The HJ21/WA-1 antibody clone has been used to demonstrate this phenomenon by western blot (Blaydes, 2001). The inability of mutant p53 to induce p21 essentially means that normal functions of p21 are compromised when p53 gene mutations are present. Since p53 gene mutations are present in up to 50% of human cancers, the loss of p21 function in cancer is significant. In its normal functioning state, p21 binds to cyclin/CDK complexes. When it binds to these complexes, it inhibits their kinase activity which, in turn, stops cell cycle progression and hence p21 gains its reputation as a mitotic cell cycle inhibitor. In this regard, the antibody showed that decreased Cdk2-cyclin E1 activity corresponded with a decrease in cyclin E1 and increase in p21 protein levels (White, 2005).

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