抗LC3A抗体 | Anti-LC3A Antibody

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	Biological Strategies Validation. Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NBP1-19167] - Total protein from HeLa and Neuro2A cells treated with or without 50 uM chloroquine for 24 hours was separated on a 4-15% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to 0.2 um PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. The membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/ml anti-LC3A in 1% non-fat milk in TBST and detected with an anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence. Note the detection LC3 II upon chloroquine treatment.
	Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NBP1-19167] - LC3/MAP1 [NBP1-19167] - LC3 antibody was tested in HeLa cells with Dylight 488 (green). Cells were treated overnight with 50uM chloroquine to induce autophagosome formation. Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and Dylight 550 (red).
	Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: LC3A Antibody [NBP1-19167] - LC3/MAP1 [NBP1-19167] - IHC analysis of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section of mouse brain using LC3 antibody at 1:300 dilution. The signal was developed using HRP-labelled secondary antibody and DAB reagent, and the sections/nuclei were further counterstained with hematoxylin. Note the diffused cytoplasmic staining of LC3 in all of the cells with highest positivity in various neurons.
	Western Blot: LC3/MAP1LC3A Antibody [NBP1-19167] - Human brain lysate.
	Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: LC3/MAP1LC3A Antibody [NBP1-19167] - IHC analysis of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section of mouse liver using LC3 antibody at 1:300 dilution. The signal was developed using HRP-labelled secondary antibody and DAB reagent, and the sections/nuclei were further counterstained with hematoxylin. Note the diffused cytoplasmic staining of LC3 in all of the hepatocytes and other liver cells.
	Simple Western: LC3/MAP1LC3A Antibody [NBP1-19167] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for LC3 in 0.5 mg/ml of Neuro2A lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

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Background

LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3), the most studied autophagy biomarker, was originally identified as a subunit of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B (MAP1LC3) and was later found to contain similarity to yeast protein Apg8/Aut7/Cvt5. Distributed ubiquitously in eukaryotes, LC3 is expressed as 3 splice variants/isoforms (LC3A, LC3B and LC3C) which undergo post-translational processing, wherein, the unprocessed form of LC3 is proteolytically cleaved by Atg4 protease to form LC3-I with carboxyterminal exposed glycine. During autophagy, this exposed glycine of LC3-I is conjugated by Atg7 (an E1-like activity), Atg3 (an E2-like conjugating activity) and by Atg12-Atg5-Atg16L multimers (E3-like ligase activity) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) moiety for generating LC3-II. The lipophilic character of PE group facilitates LC3-II insertion into autophagosomes membranes, and as a result LC3-II is degraded when autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes for lysus of intra-autophagosomal components by lysosomal hydrolases. Conversion of LC3I to LC3II when correlated with autophagosome numbers is considered as the best marker of autophagy because LC3-II is the only well-characterized protein which specifically localize to autophagic structures throughout autophagy (from phagophore to lysosomal degradation). LC3 is a great tool in research as autophagy is implicated in numerous physiological/pathological processes including responses to exercise/aging, cancer, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular/pulmonary diseases.

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